Milhares de pessoas impedem passeata neonazista em Dresden

[Alemanha] 

Date Wed, 23 Feb 2011 05:30:45 +0100

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Milhares de manifestantes impediram anteontem (19 de fevereiro), em
Dresden, uma passeata de neonazistas, erguendo barricadas e envolvendo-se
em confrontos com a polícia, que não conseguiu impor o direito de
manifestação à extrema-direita, reconhecido pelos tribunais.

Centenas de neonazistas que planejavam manifestar-se na capital da Saxônia
em memória das 25 mil vítimas dos ataques aéreos dos aliados de 13 e 14 de
fevereiro de 1945, no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, acabaram por
desistir da manifestação, e após conversações com a polícia decidiram
transferi-la para Leipzig. A mais de 110 quilômetros de distância.

Antes da chegada a Leipzig do trem que transportava os neonazistas, a
polícia teve de dispersar várias concentrações de manifestantes
antifascistas que gritavam "fora com os nazis", ?confrontaremos os jovens
e velhos nazistas?, ?no pasaran?.

No ano passado, milhares de neonazistas já tinham sido impedidos de
desfilar em Dresden em 13 de fevereiro devido aos protestos de numerosos
antifascistas.

Este ano, a manifestação convocada pelo partido de extrema-direita NPD em
Dresden atraiu apenas centenas de neonazistas, apesar de os tribunais
terem autorizado o ato e determinado proteção policial contra as
tentativas de bloqueio dos manifestantes antifascistas, igualmente
anunciadas para Dresden.

Milhares de antifascistas bloquearam durante várias horas as ruas em torno
da estação ferroviária central de Dresden, para impedir o acesso dos
neonazistas ao local da concentração.

A polícia tentou dispersar os antifascistas, utilizando cassetetes,
canhões de água e gás lacrimogêneo, mas estes romperam o cordão policial,
ergueram barricadas, danificaram automóveis, incendiaram contentores de
lixo, apedrejaram o corpo de intervenção e lançaram foguetes contra os
policiais.

Cerca de 200 manifestantes antifascistas foram detidos, sob a acusação de
ataques corporais e desobediência à autoridade.

Antes dos confrontos, mais de 20 mil pessoas participaram em vigílias e
protestos pacíficos contra a presença de neonazistas na capital da
Saxônia. As Igrejas católicas e protestantes associaram-se aos protestos
antinazistas, apelando ao combate ao ódio racial, à xenofobia, à violência
e ao racismo.

INICIADO JÚRI POR MORTE DE LÍDER INDÍGENA

A juíza federal Paula Mantovani Avelino, da 1ª Vara Federal Criminal, deu início hoje (21/2), às 12 horas, ao julgamento dos acusados pelo assassinato do cacique guarani-kaiowá Marcos Veron, no interior de Mato Grosso do Sul.

Após indeferir um pedido da defesa para anular a realização do Júri sob a alegação de que a Justiça Federal não teria competência para julgar o caso, Paula Mantovani deu início aos trabalhos de sorteio dos sete jurados que passaram a compor o Conselho de Sentença: seis homens e uma mulher.

Em seguida, após o intervalo de uma hora para almoço, foi realizada a leitura das peças processuais, que terminou às 16h50 e encerrou o primeiro dia dos trabalhos. Amanhã (22/2), às 9 horas, o Júri será retomado para a instrução e início da oitiva de sete indígenas vítimas dos acusados.

O Júri deverá ocorrer na seguinte ordem (isso poderá ser alterado): oitiva das 7 vítimas (indígenas); oitiva de 5 testemunhas de acusação (3 são indígenas); oitiva de 2 testemunhas de defesa; oitiva de 1 testemunha do juízo; interrogatório dos 3 réus; debates (+/- 10 horas); em sala secreta serão julgados os quesitos e proferida a sentença. Previsão de duração: 8 a 15 dias.

O crime aconteceu entre os dias 12 e 13 de janeiro de 2003 no município de Juti, na região de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Na ocasião, quatro homens armados ameaçaram, espancaram e atiraram nos líderes indígenas, incluindo o cacique Veron, que na época tinha 72 anos.

Estevão Romero, Carlos Roberto dos Santos e Jorge Cristaldo Insabralde respondem por tentativa de homicídio qualificado, por seis vezes, e Carlos Roberto dos Santos, por homicídio consumado (motivo torpe e meio cruel). Eles respondem também por crime de tortura, sequestro e formação de quadrilha. Foragido, o acusado Nivaldo Alves Oliveira, teve seu processo desmembrado e suspenso.

O caso foi transferido de Mato Grosso do Sul para São Paulo a pedido do MPF por dúvida quanto à isenção dos jurados locais. Os crimes tiveram repercussão internacional, pois se tratou do assassinato de uma reconhecida liderança indígena Guarani-Kaiowa, que lutava pelo direito de seu povo à terra ancestralmente ocupada.

O Júri acontece no piso esplanada do Fórum Federal Criminal Ministro Jarbas Nobre, na alameda Ministro Rocha Azevedo, nº 25, Cerqueira César, São Paulo. (RAN)

Fonte: http://www.jfsp.jus.br/20110221-juri/

Cashmore, Kevin Rose, Tom, Amber MacArthur, Crystal Gibson and Ariana Huffington are fighting for social media dominance.

Race around the board picking up smartphones and computers but make sure you don’t get sent to MySpace or you’ll risk losing everything, including your reputation.

http://www.cyberjournalist.net/social-media-monopoly/

What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains

Serious thought gives way to skimming and multitasking.

If, while perusing the articles of this month’s Prism, you’ve paused to check your e-mail, read online news, blog, tweet, connect on Facebook, catch a YouTube video, buy on Amazon, or perform one of any number of other Web activities that now permeate our lives, then author Nicholas Carr has a message for you: It’s time to consider how our constant, often disjointed engagement with the World Wide Web is changing us – both individually and as a society.

In a widely discussed 2008 Atlantic Monthly article, Carr asked, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” His answer has sometimes been interpreted as an antitech creed, yet many recognized themselves in Carr’s descriptions of faltering ability to concentrate and the suspicion that the Internet is a key contributor. “My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it,” he wrote, “in a swiftly moving stream of particles. Once I was a scuba diver in a sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.”

The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains elaborates upon the original thesis, placing this newest technology within the context of a long history of systems that have not only influenced but also shaped the way we think. “In large measure, civilization has assumed its current form as a result of the technologies people have come to use,” the author writes. “Sometimes our tools do what we tell them to. Other times we adapt ourselves to our tools’ requirements.” Consider how maps and clocks have altered our relation to space and time, he says, developing in us a more abstract sense of the measurement and order of both. In even more dramatic ways have “intellectual technologies” – writing systems, movable type, books, typewriters, telegraphs, and computers – affected our thinking processes. Today the Internet is producing another huge shift, in large part because of its emphasis on speed and connectivity, and its onslaught of advertisements, hyperlinks, pop-ups, sidebars, and e-mail notifications. “Whenever we turn on our computers,” he writes, quoting blogger Cory Doctorow, “we are plunging into an ‘ecosystem of interruption technologies.’”

The book’s subtitle should be interpreted literally. Several chapters are devoted to recent studies of brain functions. Not surprisingly, they tend to reveal the deleterious effects of sustained online activity – decreased comprehension and concentration and less ability to analyze or think creatively. Web use does strengthen rapid decision making, problem solving, and mental coordination, Carr admits. But he questions whether these positives outweigh the negatives. While the Internet offers far greater access to information, it also encourages superficial connection to that knowledge. A 2006 study tracking how people read online found, for example, that the majority skimmed a Web article in a manner that resembles the letter F. The first few lines of text were read fully, but readers then dropped down to read a few more lines, then skimmed the rest, concentrating primarily on the left-hand side of a page. Most spent no more than 4.4 seconds on each page.

As we become more agile at multitasking online, Carr charges, “we train our brains to process information quickly and efficiently but without sustained attention.” The implications of that loss could be significant. Even if you are one of those increasingly rare specimens who maintain steady, measured control over your online consumption, what about your students and colleagues, who are being swept into a 24/7 Internet existence? Though the wealth of material made available by the Internet would seem to make more extensive research possible, for example, a 2008 study has revealed just the opposite. The findings, published in Science magazine, revealed that the number of citations in academic articles has plummeted, with much greater reliance being placed on more recently published articles.

This is a book you will want to read carefully, for the number of provocative issues it raises and the compelling manner in which they are presented. So, when you take up The Shallows, do it with a hard copy and sustained attention – then see how long it takes before the digital urge comes calling.
The posting below looks at the impact of internet multitasking on our brains and our way of thinking. It is a review by Robin Tatu, senior editor of Prism, of the book, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains by Nicholas Carr. W.W. Norton & Co., 276 pages
. The review is from Prism, December, 2010. Copyright 2010
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Notas para etnografias da deficiência

Notas para etnografias da deficiência
Como relembrou Carol Poore, embora a questão da deficiência esteja sempre presente na história humana, é apenas nas últimas décadas que as pessoas com deficiência (física, sensorial, mental ,cognitiva ou múltipla) passam a se entenderem e a se narrarem como um grupo de minoria. 
Este foi, segundo a autora, um passo essencial para rejeitar a exclusão, a discriminação e a “piedade”, e para garantir a luta de seus direitos civis em todos os aspectos da vida. 
Poore aponta o surgimento, nas áreas de humanidades e as ciências sociais de muitos países de um movimento político, permitindo o desenvolvimento de um novo campo de estudos: os Estudos a respeito da Deficiência (Disability Studies). É importante salientar que os Disability Studies originaram a fundamental mudança de foco no trato do tema da Deficiência; distanciando-se de uma definição estritamente médica para ela. 
A nova proposta é apreender os sentidos da categoria deficiência em sua relações históricas e sociais. Para a autora, a categoria deficiência permite, ainda, novos insights sobre a história e função dos conceitos de normalidade. Esta forma de problematizar a questão permite que a deficiência torne-se uma categoria para ser estudada de forma semelhanteàs outras categorias tais como raça/etnia, classe, gênero e orientação sexual, dentre outras[1].. 

Neste fórum de discussão, os estudos a respeito da deficiência estão abertos a pesquisadores(as) antropólogos(as) com e sem deficiência que pesquisem etnografias da deficiência ou se interessem pelo tema. 

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[1] Cf. Sharon Snyder et al., eds., Disability Studies: Enabling the Humanities (New  York: Modem Language Association, 2002);  Rosemarie Garland Thomson, Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature (New York: Columbia, 1997); David Mitchell & Sharon Snyder, Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse (Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2000); Gary L. Albrecht et al., eds., Handbook ofDisability Studies (London: Sage, 2001)

The T-4 Euthanasia Program

The T-4 Euthanasia Program

In the fall of 1939 the German government established, under the Reich Chancellery, the Euthanasie Programme under the direction of Philip Bouhler and Dr. Karl Brandt. The headquarters of the operation were at Tiergartenstrasse 4, Berlin and the code name for the program was derived from that address -- T-4.The choice of terminology for the program is consistent with the Nazis' penchant for euphemism. Euthanasia typically means "mercy killing" and in the 1990's in the United States and other western nations, it is synonymous with "physician-assisted suicide." The kind of killing carried out through the T-4 program bears little resemblance to contemporary concepts of euthanasia.
Hitler's rise to power produced a completely new set of definitions. Guided by the over-riding principles of racial hygiene, racial purity, and national health, the Nazi regime seems fairly consitently commited to the removal of those unfit to live and produce inferior offspring. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws provided for the forced sterilization of the unfit. Not only did Hitler have in mind such "inferior races" as Jews and Gypsies, he also included unfit Aryans -- the mentally defective, severely handicapped, the incurably insane and the incurably sick.
To implement the euthanasia program, special carbon-monoxide chambers were constructed. According to Milton Meltzer:

Between December 1939 and August 1941, about 50,000 to 60,000 Germans--children and adults--were secretly killed by lethal injections or in gassing installations designed to look like shower stalls. It was a foretast of Auschwitz. The victims were taken from the medical institution and put to death...Never to Forget, New York:HarperCollins, 1976:131.

Robert J. Lifton makes the following assessment:

Of the number of people killed in the T4 and the 14f13 projects, the following statistics are usually given: adult mental patients from institutions, 80,000 to 100,000; children in institutions, 5,000; special action against Jews in institutions, 1,000; concentration camp inmates transported to killing centers (14f13), 20,000 (Klee estimated that at the end of 1941, some 93,521 `beds' had been emptied for other uses [70,000 patients gassed, plus over 20,000 dead through starvation and medication] - in other words approximately one-third of the places for the mentally ill.) But these figures may well be too low; twice these numbers of people may have perished. The fact is that we do not know and shall probably never know. Elements of deception, imposed chaos, and the destruction of many records make anything like an accurate estimate impossible.The same is true concerning the total number of people murdered at specific killing centers. Hartheim victims of both ordinary `euthanasia' and 14f13 are variously estimated from 20,000 (by Dr. Georg Renno, Lonauer's successor as director), to 400,000 (by Franz Ziereis, the former commandant of Mauthausen, on his deathbed); 30,000 is believed to be the best estimate. While these figures may seem unimpressive when placed next to the millions killed in the Final Solution, they represent the murder of shockingly large numbers of people -- all in places characterized as hospitals." (The Nazi Doctors" Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. London: Papermac, 1986 (Reprinted 1990) p. 142).

Hans-Heinrich Wilhelm, "The Euthanasia Program," The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Vol II, pp.452-454, informs us:

The first large-scale euthanasia action seems to have taken place in Pomerania and estern Prussia shortly after the Polish campaign. During 1940, four euthanasia institutions went into operation: Grafeneck, in January, Brandenburg, in February, Hartheim, in May and Sonnenstein, in June. In the first half of the year, 8,765 persons were gassed in these four institutions, three-quarters of them in May and June, a time when world attention was focused on the Battle of France. By the end of 1940, a total of 26,459 patients had been put to death, and in the first eight months of 1941, an additional 35,049 were "disinfected." These were the figures given by the accounting section of T4's head office.

Robert E. Conot makes the important connection between the euthanasia program and the Final Solution:

"Concurrent with the start-up of the euthanasia exterminations, Hitler authorized Himmler to establish a Race and Resettlement Office under the aegis of the SS. It was the Race and Resettlement Office that was to be responsible for the `racial' purification of the Reich and the establishment of a Nordic empire. On October 17, 1939, Keitel summoned the victorious Wehrmacht generals for a lecture from the Fu"hrer, who ranted: `The increased severity of the racial struggle permits of no legal restrictions. Jews, Poles, and similar trash are to be cleared from the old and new Reich territories.' Eight million Poles and 800,000 Jews were to be transported from the annexed portion of Poland into the government-general, and replaced by ethnic Germans repatriated from the Baltic lands, the Balkans, Russia, and the Italian Tyrol -- even though, in large part, these Germans had emigrated generations before.To `render harmless' the Polish intelligensia, political and religious leaders, Jews, and anyone else who might, theoretically, rally an opposition, Heydrich established SS Einsatzgruppen (action groups). The Einsatzgruppen rampaged over the land, terrorizing and killing. Selections for execution were haphazard. Sometimes the commandos erred and included ethnic Germans whom they mistook for Jews. Shootings were carried out publicly to heighten the climate of fear. A Werhmacht intelligence officer reported: `Arrests were almost always accompanied by looting. Evacuations were carried out and blocks of houses were cleared at random, the inhabitants loaded into lorries at night, then taken to concentration camps. Actions against the Jews were carried out with the most serious excesses. A number of Jews were driven into a synagogue, where they had to crawl, singing, between the benches. Forced to take down their trousers, they were continously whipped by the SS men on their bare behinds. A Jew who out of fright dirtied himself was forced to smear the excrement onto the faces of the other Jews.
`After about fifty Jews, who had been used during the day to repair a bridge, finished their work in the evening, two SS men drove them into a synagogue and shot them all without any reason.' (Judgement At Nuremberg, New York: Harper & Row, 1983, pp 211-212.

The euthanasia program proved to be a valuable precursor to the atrocities which were to come in connection with the "Final Solution." SS Major Christian Wirth was transferred from his duties at a euthanasia center to take over the supervision of Chelmo, the first of six extermination camps in Poland to become operational. His expertise in mass extermination seems to have been a major consideration. Wirth later served at Belzek, Treblinka and Sobibor. In 1942, Franz Stangl was transferred from one of the euthanasia centers to Sobibor extermination camp where he served as camp commander. He performed so well there that he was transferred in the summer of 1942 to Treblinka [Many years later, in 1970, Stangl was extradited from Brazil to West Germany to stand trial. He was found guilty of joint responsibility for the murder of 900,000 Jews]. After the Wannsee Conference in 1942, the staff of Euthanasie Program was transferred to Operation Reinhard.

OBS. Aktion 14f13  foi a terrível campanha do Terceiro Reich para selecionar, banir, e depois exterminar os indesejáveis e as pessoas com deficiência (ditas inválidas), não consideradas aptas para desenvolver "o sonho alemão de Hitler". Estima-se que este programa matou, até 1943, 20 mil pessoas. (Obrigada Michel!)